Coronavirus Update: Cases Surpass 7,500, Deaths Top 100

In just the past few days, there have been significant developments concerning the Wuhan coronavirus (2019-nCoV). Here is a summary of some of the latest key facts and figures:

• The number of cases in mainland China is quickly approaching 8,000.

• The virus has infected more people in China than were sickened there during the 2002-2003 severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) outbreak.

• There have been at least 170 deaths associated with the virus.

• China's National Health Commission confirmed the virus can be transmitted from person to person.

• The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) confirmed the first case of person-to-person spread of the coronavirus in the United States. It is the second case of the virus in Illinois and sixth overall in the United States.

• There are more than 100 confirmed cases, but no deaths yet, in 20 places outside of China. These include the United States, Canada, France, Germany, Finland, India and Australia.

• The World Health Organization (WHO) is expected to decide today (January 30) whether to declare the epidemic an international public health emergency. Update: WHO has declared the outbreak an international “public health emergency.”

• A detailed analysis of the first 99 patients treated in China has been published in the Lancet.

• A growing number of airlines are suspending flights to and from mainland China.

• Thousands of passengers on a cruise ship in Italy are banned from disembarking because two Chinese passengers are suspected of having coronavirus. 

• Russia has closed off its far-east border with China in an effort to prevent the spread of the virus.

• Misinformation about coronavirus is spreading online.

This is a rapidly developing situation, and one can expect the number of cases to continue to increase in the coming weeks, particularly in China. As we advised in our previous coverage of the coronavirus, providers should continue to prescreen for fever, respiratory symptoms and international travel, particularly to and from China. If patients have traveled from the affected countries, further information will be needed to decide "next steps."  

Infection Control Consulting Services (ICCS) suggests facilities — particularly outpatient settings — develop or review existing policies for standard precautions and transmission-based precautions, with an emphasis on respiratory protection. Guidance will continue to evolve, and the team at ICCS will continue to closely monitor the situation.

Facilities in need of assistance with coronavirus management or providing PPE and respiratory hygiene training to employees can contact ICCS.

Sources include:

• CDC

• CNN

• The New York Times

• The Telegraph

• Bloomberg

CDC Confirms 5th U.S. Case of Coronavirus; China Death Toll Exceeds 80

The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) has confirmed a fifth U.S. case of a new coronavirus (2019-nCoV).  

This virus, which has caused an outbreak of respiratory illness, was first detected in the Chinese city of Wuhan. Media reports are noting that Chinese health authorities have reported nearly 3,000 thousand infections and 80 deaths connected to the virus as of Monday, January 27 — figures likely to increase.

The five U.S. cases of 2019-nCoV were confirmed in recent travelers from Wuhan in four states: Arizona, California, Illinois and Washington. Other countries with confirmed 2019-nCoV cases include Australia, France and Japan.

Symptoms of 2019-nCoV infections include fever, cough and shortness of breath. CDC believes at this time that symptoms of 2019-nCoV may appear in as few as two days or as long as two weeks after exposure. 

As CDC notes, many of the initially confirmed patients in Wuhan reportedly had a link to a seafood and animal market, which suggested animal-to-person spread. However, a growing number of patients reportedly have not had such exposure to animal markets, which suggests that person-to-person spread is occurring.

The World Health Organization (WHO) recently convened an emergency committee regarding the outbreak. WHO has also issued the first edition of infection prevention and control guidance intended for healthcare workers, healthcare managers and infection prevention and control teams. This guidance can be downloaded here.

Infection Control Consulting Services (ICCS), a U.S.-based team of infection prevention and infection control consultants, is advising its clients that at this juncture, continue to have office staff prescreen for fever and respiratory symptoms. If patients give a positive history, staff should ask these patients if they have been traveling out of the country, namely to Asia. 

Clients with a heightened level of concern can begin screening all patients for travel to/from China as an additional line item. If clients choose to take this approach, they should have a plan for how they will respond to confirmation of such travel. While ICCS is a firm believer in being proactive, there are many viruses circulating and one should not assume those with common winter colds and flu have coronavirus.

WHO Urgent Challenges List Includes Infectious Diseases, Anti-Microbial Resistance

The World Health Organization (WHO) has issued its "urgent health challenges for the next decade" list.

Included on it is "stopping infectious diseases" and "protecting the medicines that protect us," which focuses on anti-microbial resistance.

Concerning infectious diseases, WHO states, "Infectious diseases like HIV, tuberculosis, viral hepatitis, malaria, neglected tropical diseases and sexually-transmitted infections will kill an estimated 4 million people in 2020, most of them poor. Meanwhile, vaccine-preventable diseases continue to kill, such as measles, which took 140,000 lives in 2019, many of them children. Although polio has been driven to the brink of eradication, there were 156 cases of wild poliovirus last year, the most since 2014."

Concerning anti-microbial resistance, WHO states, "Anti-microbial resistance threatens to send modern medicine back decades to the pre-antibiotic era, when even routine surgeries were hazardous. The rise of anti-microbial resistance stems from myriad factors that have come together to create a terrifying brew, including unregulated prescription and use of antibiotics, lack of access to quality and affordable medicines, and lack of clean water, sanitation, hygiene and infection prevention and control."

Other issues on the WHO list include "preparing for epidemics;" "keeping healthcare clean," which focuses on water sanitation and hygiene; and "investing in the people who defend our health," which shines a light on health worker shortages.

In its discussion about each health challenge, WHO summarizes the efforts it is undertaking to combat the issue.